In 1963, Congress passed the Equal Pay Act in an effort to equalize the largely disparate pay received by men and women who were performing the same job. The Act was an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Under the Act, Congress specifies that employers may not discriminate on the basis of sex by paying women less than men, and vice versa, when they are performing "equal work." The Act predates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Although the functions of the two Acts overlap, the Equal Pay Act remains in full force.
Medical Leave Act of 1993)
the Undue Hardship Defense)
Background
In 1988, Congress passed the Employee Polygraph Protection Act to prevent employers from subjecting applicants and employees to lie detector or polygraph tests. Under the Act, the term "lie detector" includes a:
